Research on Mechanical Properties of Nanomaterial and Fiber Modified Tunnel Spoil Concrete

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1000

Abstract

Abstract:

To enhance the mechanical properties of tunnel spoil concrete and promote the sustainable utilization of mineral waste， an orthogonal test was conducted to investigate the effects of varying contents of nano-silica， fly ash， and basalt fibers （with lengths of 6 and 12 mm） on the mechanical properties of tunnel spoil concrete. Based on macro- and micro-scale test results， the optimal mix proportion was determined， and the mechanisms of influences of these materials on the concrete’s performance were clarified. The results indicate that the overall properties of the modified tunnel spoil concrete reach their optimum with the incorporation of 1% （mass fraction） nano-silica， 10% （mass fraction） fly ash， 0.15% （volume fraction） of 6 mm basalt fiber， and 0.1% （volume fraction） of 12 mm basalt fiber. Compared with the unmodified tunnel spoil concrete， the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of the modified concrete increase by up to 20.0% and 26.3%， respectively. Fly ash and nano-silica promote the formation of C-S-H gel during the hydration process. The fibers enhance the splitting tensile performance， ultimately improving both the mechanical properties and failure mode of the concrete.

Key words: nano-silica, basalt fiber, tunnel spoil concrete, mechanical property, orthogonal test, microstructure

CLC Number:

TU528

YANG Taihua, WANG Gonglue, LUO Xufeng, ZHOU Zhe, TU Ming, LIU Bin, LIU Xuewei. Research on Mechanical Properties of Nanomaterial and Fiber Modified Tunnel Spoil Concrete[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(5): 1559-1570.

Figures/Tables 18

References 27

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Level	NS content/%	FA content/%	BF6 content/%	BF12 content/%
Level	A	B	C	D
1	0	0	0	0
2	0.5	10	0.10	0.10
3	1.0	15	0.15	0.15
4	1.5	20	0.20	0.20

Level	NS content/%	FA content/%	BF6 content/%	BF12 content/%
Level	A	B	C	D
1	0	0	0	0
2	0.5	10	0.10	0.10
3	1.0	15	0.15	0.15
4	1.5	20	0.20	0.20

Sample No.	A	B	C	D	Slump/mm	Compressive strength/MPa	Splitting tensile strength/MPa
NC	1	1	1	1	170	46.0	3.34
A₁B₂C₂D₂	1	2	2	2	180	45.4	3.53
A₁B₃C₃D₃	1	3	3	3	160	45.8	3.50
A₁B₄C₄D₄	1	4	4	4	100	39.8	3.95
A₂B₁C₂D₃	2	1	2	3	175	46.3	3.57
A₂B₂C₁D₄	2	2	1	4	215	47.4	4.00
A₂B₃C₄D₁	2	3	4	1	210	47.0	3.82
A₂B₄C₃D₂	2	4	3	2	220	46.0	3.52
A₃B₁C₃D₄	3	1	3	4	165	51.1	4.22
A₃B₂C₄D₃	3	2	4	3	185	55.2	4.10
A₃B₃C₁D₂	3	3	1	2	190	48.2	3.57
A₃B₄C₂D₁	3	4	2	1	210	46.3	3.46
A₄B₁C₄D₂	4	1	4	2	150	43.2	3.63
A₄B₂C₃D₁	4	2	3	1	155	42.2	3.48
A₄B₃C₂D₄	4	3	2	4	140	41.8	3.56
A₄B₄C₁D₃	4	4	1	3	150	36.4	3.19

Sample No.	A	B	C	D	Slump/mm	Compressive strength/MPa	Splitting tensile strength/MPa
NC	1	1	1	1	170	46.0	3.34
A₁B₂C₂D₂	1	2	2	2	180	45.4	3.53
A₁B₃C₃D₃	1	3	3	3	160	45.8	3.50
A₁B₄C₄D₄	1	4	4	4	100	39.8	3.95
A₂B₁C₂D₃	2	1	2	3	175	46.3	3.57
A₂B₂C₁D₄	2	2	1	4	215	47.4	4.00
A₂B₃C₄D₁	2	3	4	1	210	47.0	3.82
A₂B₄C₃D₂	2	4	3	2	220	46.0	3.52
A₃B₁C₃D₄	3	1	3	4	165	51.1	4.22
A₃B₂C₄D₃	3	2	4	3	185	55.2	4.10
A₃B₃C₁D₂	3	3	1	2	190	48.2	3.57
A₃B₄C₂D₁	3	4	2	1	210	46.3	3.46
A₄B₁C₄D₂	4	1	4	2	150	43.2	3.63
A₄B₂C₃D₁	4	2	3	1	155	42.2	3.48
A₄B₃C₂D₄	4	3	2	4	140	41.8	3.56
A₄B₄C₁D₃	4	4	1	3	150	36.4	3.19

Factor	Level	NS	FA	BF6	BF12
K_avg value	1	152.50	165.00	181.25	186.25
	2	205.00	183.75	176.25	185.00
	3	187.50	175.00	175.00	167.50
	4	148.75	170.00	161.25	155.00
Optimal level		2	2	1	1
R		56.25	18.75	20.00	31.25