Frost Resistance of Marine Concrete Containing Air-Entraining Agent and Its Beam Bending Capacity

Abstract

Abstract: In order to study the effect of air-entraining agent on the frost resistance of marine concrete and its beam bending capacity, a total of 100 rapid freeze-thaw tests were carried out on six marine concrete beams of two mix ratios and the corresponding freeze-damaged test blocks. The mass loss rate, the dynamic elastic modulus damage degree and the compressive strength loss rate were used to efficiently evaluate the degree of freeze-thaw damage of concrete. The degradation of the compressive strength of concrete as well as the changes in the coefficients of the equivalent rectangular stress diagrams were considered, and the formula for calculating the bending capacity of normal cross-section of marine concrete beams under freeze-thaw action was proposed. The results show that the addition of air-entraining agent can enhance the frost resistance of marine concrete and slow down the degradation rate of the cracking moment of beams, but the concrete strength and the ultimate moment of beams will be reduced. The proposed model can predict the bending capacity of the cross-section of marine concrete beams under freeze-thaw action better within 150 freeze-thaw cycles.

Key words: marine concrete, freeze-thaw action, air-entraining agent, frost resistance, bending capacity, cracking moment

CLC Number:

TU375.1

LU Chunhua, ZHU Xuewu, PING An, YANG Yuting. Frost Resistance of Marine Concrete Containing Air-Entraining Agent and Its Beam Bending Capacity[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(2): 418-427.

References

[1] CHEN D S, DENG Y A, SHEN J Y, et al. Study on damage rules on concrete under corrosion of freeze-thaw and saline solution[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 304: 124617.
[2] 苏怀智, 谢威. 寒区水工混凝土冻融损伤及其防控研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2021, 40(4): 1053-1071.
SU H Z, XIE W. Review on frost damages of hydraulic concrete in cold region and its preventive control[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2021, 40(4): 1053-1071 (in Chinese).
[3] 刘恩铭, 林明强, 谢群. 再生粗骨料混凝土抗冻性能研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2022, 41(9): 2963-2978.
LIU E M, LIN M Q, XIE Q. Research progress on frost resistance of recycled coarse aggregate concrete[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2022, 41(9): 2963-2978 (in Chinese).
[4] 王胜年, 曾俊杰, 范志宏. 基于长期暴露试验的海工高性能混凝土耐久性分析[J]. 土木工程学报, 2021, 54(10): 82-89.
WANG S N, ZENG J J, FAN Z H. Analysis on durability of marine HPC based on long-term exposure experiment[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2021, 54(10): 82-89 (in Chinese).
[5] XU Y Q, YUAN Q, DAI X D, et al. Improving the freeze-thaw resistance of mortar by a combined use of superabsorbent polymer and air entraining agent[J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2022, 52: 104471.
[6] 邓祥辉, 高晓悦, 王睿, 等. 再生混凝土抗冻性能试验研究及孔隙分布变化分析[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(16): 16028-16034.
DENG X H, GAO X Y, WANG R, et al. Study on frost resistance and pore distribution change of recycled concrete[J]. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(16): 16028-16034 (in Chinese).
[7] ZENG H Y, LAI Y M, QU S, et al. Exploring the effect of graphene oxide on freeze-thaw durability of air-entrained mortars[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2022, 324: 126708.
[8] HANG M Y, CUI L, WU J Q, et al. Freezing-thawing damage characteristics and calculation models of aerated concrete[J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2020, 28: 101072.
[9] 潘自立, 徐键, 刘剑光, 等. 高原无砟轨道混凝土抗裂性能提升技术研究[J]. 铁道工程学报, 2021, 38(10): 37-43.
PAN Z L, XU J, LIU J G, et al. Research on the improving anti-cracking performance of ballastless track bed concrete of plateau[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2021, 38(10): 37-43 (in Chinese).
[10] DUAN A, LI Z Y, ZHANG W C, et al. Flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams under freeze-thaw cycles and sustained load[J]. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2017, 13(10): 1350-1358.
[11] 曹大富, 葛文杰, 郭容邑, 等. 冻融循环作用后钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究[J]. 建筑结构学报, 2014, 35(6): 137-144.
CAO D F, GE W J, GUO R Y, et al. Experimental study on flexural behaviors of RC beams after freeze-thaw cycles[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2014, 35(6): 137-144 (in Chinese).
[12] 陆春华, 杨钰婷, 平安, 等. 冻融作用下海工高性能混凝土梁受弯承载力试验与理论分析[J]. 土木工程学报, 2022, 55(7): 47-56.
LU C H, YANG Y T, PING A, et al. Experimental and theoretical investigation on flexural capacity of marine high performance concrete beams under freeze-thaw action[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2022, 55(7): 47-56 (in Chinese).
[13] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 普通混凝土长期性能和耐久性能试验方法标准: GB/T 50082—2009[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2009.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, People's Republic of China. Standard of test method for long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete: GB/T 50082—2009[S]. Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press, 2009 (in Chinese).
[14] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 混凝土结构试验方法标准: GB/T 50152—2012[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2012.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, People's Republic of China. Standard test methods for mechanical properties of concrete: GB/T 50152—2012[S]. Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press, 2012 (in Chinese).
[15] 孙丛涛, 牛荻涛. 冻融环境混凝土氯离子扩散性能试验研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2014, 33(8): 1863-1869.
SUN C T, NIU D T. Experimental study on chloride diffusion properties of concrete in freeze-thaw environment[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2014, 33(8): 1863-1869 (in Chinese).
[16] 秦力, 丁婧楠, 朱劲松. 高掺量粉煤灰和矿渣高强混凝土抗渗性和抗冻性试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(6): 133-139.
QIN L, DING J N, ZHU J S. Experiment on anti-permeability and frost resistance of high strength concrete with high-ratio of fly ash and slag[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33(6): 133-139 (in Chinese).
[17] 刘文忠. 大掺量矿物掺合料混凝土的制备及其抗冻性研究[D]. 秦皇岛: 燕山大学, 2016: 26-27.
LIU W Z. Study on preparation and frost resistance of concrete with large amount of mineral admixture[D]. Qinhuangdao: Yanshan University, 2016: 26-27 (in Chinese).
[18] XIA J L, WU Z Q, SHANG R J, et al. Investigation of durability of wall materials concrete prepared with fly ash[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2012, 174/175/176/177: 657-661.
[19] DU S, GE Y, SHI X M. A targeted approach of employing nano-materials in high-volume fly ash concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2019, 104: 103390.
[20] 赵燕茹, 范晓奇, 王利强, 等. 不同冻融介质作用下混凝土力学性能衰减模型[J]. 复合材料学报, 2017, 34(2): 463-470.
ZHAO Y R, FAN X Q, WANG L Q, et al. Attenuation model of mechanical properties of concrete under different freezing and thawing[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2017, 34(2): 463-470 (in Chinese).
[21] 王恒, 徐义华, 姚韦靖, 等. 稻壳灰橡胶混凝土抗冻融性能及微观结构[J]. 复合材料学报, 2023, 40(5): 2951-2959.
WANG H, XU Y H, YAO W J, et al. Freeze-thaw cycle and microstructure of rice husk ash rubber concrete[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2023, 40(5): 2951-2959 (in Chinese).
[22] 徐长伟, 杨梦卉, 秦任远. 掺合料对引气混凝土抗冻性的影响研究[J]. 混凝土, 2013(12): 97-99.
XU C W, YANG M H, QIN R Y. Research on influence of admixtures on frost-resistance of air-entraining concrete[J]. Concrete, 2013(12): 97-99 (in Chinese).
[23] 邓祥辉, 曹卫平, 薛丽媛, 等. 引气再生混凝土抗冻耐久性试验与损伤模型[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2020, 20(9): 3738-3743.
DENG X H, CAO W P, XUE L Y, et al. Experiment on frozen durability and damage model of air-entraining recycled concrete[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2020, 20(9): 3738-3743 (in Chinese).
[24] 肖前慧, 牛荻涛. 冻融环境下引气粉煤灰混凝土性能研究[J]. 混凝土, 2012(7): 81-82+123.
XIAO Q H, NIU D T. Study on air-entraining fly-ash concrete in freeze-thaw environment[J]. Concrete, 2012(7): 81-82+123 (in Chinese).
[25] 曹大富, 富立志, 杨忠伟, 等. 冻融循环作用下混凝土受压本构特征研究[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2013, 16(1): 17-23+32.
CAO D F, FU L Z, YANG Z W, et al. Study on constitutive relations of compressed concrete subjected to action of freezing-thawing cycles[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2013, 16(1): 17-23+32 (in Chinese).
[26] 宋玉普, 徐秀娟, 刘浩. 冻融循环后全级配混凝土及其湿筛混凝土的力学性能比较[J]. 水利学报, 2012, 43(1): 69-75.
SONG Y P, XU X J, LIU H. Comparison of mechanical properties of fully-graded concrete and wet-screened concrete[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2012, 43(1): 69-75 (in Chinese).
[27] LI Y G, ZHANG H M, CHEN S J, et al. Multi-scale study on the durability degradation mechanism of aeolian sand concrete under freeze-thaw conditions[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2022, 340: 127433.
[28] ÖZ A, BAYRAK B, AYDIN A C. The effect of trio-fiber reinforcement on the properties of self-compacting fly ash concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 274: 121825.
[29] 覃丽坤, 宋宏伟, 王秀伟. 大掺量粉煤灰混凝土在海水中冻融循环后的试验研究[J]. 混凝土, 2014(9): 12-14+18.
QIN L K, SONG H W, WANG X W. Concrete experimental research on the freezing-thawing circle of high volume fly ash concrete in seawater[J]. Concrete, 2014(9): 12-14+18 (in Chinese).
[30] 肖前慧, 牛荻涛, 朱文凭. 冻融环境下混凝土强度衰减模型与耐久性寿命预测[J]. 建筑结构, 2011, 41(增刊2): 203-207.
XIAO Q H, NIU D T, ZHU W P. Strength degradation model and durability service life prediction of concrete in freezing-thawing circumstance[J]. Building Structure, 2011, 41(supplement 2): 203-207 (in Chinese).
[31] SHANG H S, CAO W Q, WANG B. Effect of fast freeze-thaw cycles on mechanical properties of ordinary-air-entrained concrete[J]. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 2014: 923032.
[32] 肖阳. 引气与防水组分对混凝土渗透性与抗冻性的影响[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2015.
XIAO Y. Influence of air entraining and waterproof components on permeability and frost resistance of concrete[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2015 (in Chinese).
[33] 过镇海. 钢筋混凝土原理[M]. 3版. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2013.
GUO Z H. Reinforced concerte theory[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2013 (in Chinese).
[34] 国家能源局. 水工混凝土结构设计规范: DL/T 5057—2009[S]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2009.
National Energy Administration. Design specification for hydraulic concrete structures: DL/T 5057—2009[S]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2009 (in Chinese).
[35] WANG J B, NIU D T, HE H. Frost durability and stress-strain relationship of lining shotcrete in cold environment[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 198: 58-69.
[36] 郭容邑. 冻融环境下混凝土受弯构件的试验研究[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2011.
GUO R Y. Experimental study on concrete flexural members in freeze-thaw environment[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2011 (in Chinese).
[37] 关虓, 牛荻涛, 沈可欣, 等. 气冻气融环境下钢筋混凝土梁抗冻性研究[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2016, 19(3): 461-466.
GUAN X, NIU D T, SHEN K X, et al. Frost-resistance of RC beam under atmospheric freeze-thaw cycles[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2016, 19(3): 461-466 (in Chinese).
[38] 张萌. 冻融循环对C30自密实混凝土简支梁受弯性能影响的试验研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆大学, 2016: 56-57.
ZHANG M. Experimental study on the influence of freeze-thaw cycle on bending behavior of C30 self-compacting concrete simply supported beam[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang University, 2016: 56-57 (in Chinese).