Research Progress on Preparation of Biomimetic Materials by Freeze Casting under Magnetic Field

Abstract

Abstract: With the rapid development of science and technology, higher requirements are put forward for the performance of materials. It is urgent to develop new lightweight and high-performance structural materials, which have the characteristics of low density, high stiffness, high strength, and high toughness. After hundreds of millions years of evolution, biomaterials have formed fine and complex structures that are compatible with the environment and functional requirements, such as the “brick-mortar” structure of nacre and the helical structure of crab cuticle. They all exhibit extraordinary mechanical properties and unique functional characteristics, which greatly inspired the design and construction of high-performance materials. The currently developed freeze casting method (ice template method) is an effective method for preparing biomimetic materials. Usually, the water-based ceramics slurry is directionally solidified under the effect of temperature gradient. After freeze-drying, the porous ceramics with fine structure can be obtained. Then, the porous ceramics can be filled with soft phase resin to obtain the ceramics-resin composite with nacre-like structure. In order to further control the microstructure of the material, the researchers applied magnetic field to the freeze casting process, and finally found that the structure and properties of the material have changed significantly. In this paper, the progress in the control of material microstructure and the preparation of biomimetic materials by freeze casting are introduced, and the influence of magnetic field on freeze casting is summarized. The change of microstructure and mechanicalproperties of ice-templating materials assisted by magnetic field is summarized.

Key words: porous ceramics, biomimetic material, freeze casting, magnetic field, microstructure, mechanical property

CLC Number:

TQ174

ALATENG Shaga, CHEN Guanhong, CHEN Xing. Research Progress on Preparation of Biomimetic Materials by Freeze Casting under Magnetic Field[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2021, 40(7): 2348-2359.

References

[1] PETRINI M, FERRANTE M, SU B. Fabrication and characterization of biomimetic ceramic/polymer composite materials for dental restoration[J]. Dental Materials, 2013, 29(4): 375-381.
[2] BAI H, WALSH F, GLUDOVATZ B, et al. Bioinspired hydroxyapatite/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite with a nacre-mimetic architecture by a bidirectional freezing method[J]. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(1): 50-56.
[3] SHEN P, XI J W, FU Y J, et al. Preparation of high-strength Al-Mg-Si/Al₂O₃ composites with lamellar structures using freeze casting and pressureless infiltration techniques[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2014, 27(5): 944-950.
[4] SHAGA A, SHEN P, GUO R F, et al. Effects of oxide addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of lamellar SiC scaffolds and Al-Si-Mg/SiC composites prepared by freeze casting and pressureless infiltration[J]. Ceramics International, 2016, 42(8): 9653-9659.
[5] GUO R F, LV H C, SHEN P, et al. Lamellar-interpenetrated Al-Si-Mg/Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ composites prepared by freeze casting and pressureless infiltration[J]. Ceramics International, 2017, 43(3): 3292-3297.
[6] GUO R F, SHEN P, SUN C, et al. Processing and mechanical properties of lamellar-structured Al-7Si-5Cu/TiC composites[J]. Materials & Design, 2016, 106: 446-453.
[7] WANG Y, SHEN P, GUO R F, et al. Developing high toughness and strength Al/TiC composites using ice-templating and pressure infiltration[J]. Ceramics International, 2017, 43(4): 3831-3838.
[8] MORITZ T, RICHTER H J. Ice-mould freeze casting of porous ceramic components[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2007, 27(16): 4595-4601.
[9] MUNCH E, SAIZ E, TOMSIA A P, et al. Architectural control of freeze-cast ceramics through additives and templating[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2009, 92(7): 1534-1539.
[10] SOFIE S W, DOGAN F. Freeze casting of aqueous alumina slurries with glycerol[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2001, 84(7): 1459-1464.
[11] CHINO Y, DUNAND D C. Directionally freeze-cast titanium foam with aligned, elongated pores[J]. Acta Materialia, 2008, 56(1): 105-113.
[12] ARAKI K, HALLORAN J W. New freeze-casting technique for ceramics with sublimable vehicles[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2004, 87(10): 1859-1863.
[13] WEN C E, MABUCHI M, YAMADA Y, et al. Processing of biocompatible porous Ti and Mg[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2001, 45(10): 1147-1153.
[14] CLEMMER R. Influence of porous composite microstructure on the processing and properties of solid oxide fuel cell anodes[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2004, 166(3/4): 251-259.
[15] CLEMMER R M C, CORBIN S F. Influence of porous composite microstructure on the processing and properties of solid oxide fuel cell anodes[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2004, 166: 251-259.
[16] MILOSHEVSKY G V, JORDAN P C. Water and ion permeation in bAQP1 and GlpF channels: a kinetic Monte Carlo study[J]. Biophysical Journal, 2004, 87(6): 3690-3702.
[17] SOFIE S W. Fabrication of functionally graded and aligned porosity in thin ceramic substrates with the novel freeze-tape-casting process[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2007, 90(7): 2024-2031.
[18] THURN-ALBRECHT T, SCHOTTER J, KASTLE G A, et al. Ultrahigh-density nanowire arrays grown in self-assembled diblock copolymer templates[J]. Science, 2000, 290(5499): 2126-2129.
[19] LAUNEY M E, RITCHIE R O. On the fracture toughness of advanced materials[J]. Advanced Materials, 2009, 21(20): 2103-2110.
[20] LAUNEY M E, MUNCH E, ALSEM D H, et al. A novel biomimetic approach to the design of high-performance ceramic-metal composites[J]. J R Soc Interface, 2010, 7(46): 741-753.
[21] LUZ G M, MANO J F. Biomimetic design of materials and biomaterials inspired by the structure of nacre[J]. Philosophical Transactions Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, 2009, 367(1893): 1587-1605.
[22] ESPINOSA H D, RIM J E, BARTHELAT F, et al. Merger of structure and material in nacre and bone-perspectives on de novo biomimetic materials[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2009, 54(8): 1059-1100.
[23] BARTHELAT F, ESPINOSA H D. An experimental investigation of deformation and fracture of nacre-mother of pearl[J]. Experimental Mechanics, 2007, 47(3): 311-324.
[24] BARTHELAT F. Biomimetics for next generation materials[J]. Philosophical Transactions Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, 2007, 365(1861): 2907-2919.
[25] WEGST U G K, BAI H, SAIZ E, et al. Bioinspired structural materials[J]. Nature Materials, 2015, 14(1): 23-36.
[26] BOUVILLE F, MAIRE E, MEILLE S, et al. Strong, tough and stiff bioinspired ceramics from brittle constituents[J]. Nature Materials, 2014, 13(5): 508-514.
[27] LAUNEY M E, MUNCH E, ALSEM D H, et al. Designing highly toughened hybrid composites through nature-inspired hierarchical complexity[J]. Acta Materialia, 2009, 57(10): 2919-2932.
[28] MUNCH E, LAUNEY M E, ALSEM D H, et al. Tough, bio-inspired hybrid materials[J]. Science (New York, N Y), 2008, 322(5907): 1516-1520.
[29] LIN A Y M, CHEN P Y, MEYERS M A. The growth of nacre in the abalone shell[J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2008, 4(1): 131-138.
[30] MEYERS M A, LIN A Y M, CHEN P Y, et al. Mechanical strength of abalone nacre: role of the soft organic layer[J]. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2008, 1(1): 76-85.
[31] NAGLIERI V, GLUDOVATZ B, TOMSIA A P, et al. Developing strength and toughness in bio-inspired silicon carbide hybrid materials containing a compliant phase[J]. Acta Materialia, 2015, 98: 141-151.
[32] ZHAO H W, YUE Y H, GUO L, et al. Cloning nacre’s 3D interlocking skeleton in engineering composites to achieve exceptional mechanical properties[J]. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(25): 5099-5105.
[33] KAMAT S V, HIRTH J P, MEHRABIAN R. Mechanical properties of particulate-reinforced aluminum-matrix composites[J]. Acta Metallurgica, 1989, 37(9): 2395-2402.
[34] SCHULTE K, MINOSHIMA K. Damage mechanisms under tensile and fatigue loading of continuous fibre-reinforced metal-matrix composites[J]. Composites, 1993, 24(3): 197-208.
[35] OCHIAI S, OSAMURA K. Influences of matrix ductility, interfacial bonding strength, and fiber volume fraction on tensile strength of unidirectional metal matrix composite[J]. Metallurgical Transactions A, 1990, 21(3): 971-977.
[36] LOTTERMOSER A. Über das Ausfrieren von Hydrosolen[J]. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, 1908, 41: 3976-3979.
[37] BOBERTAG O, FEIST K, FISCHER H W. Über das Ausfrieren von Hydrosolen[J]. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, 1908, 41: 3675-3679.
[38] MAXWELL W A, GURNICK R S, FRANCISCO A C. Preliminary investigation of the freeze-casting method for forming refractory powders[J]. NACA Research Memorandum. Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory, 1954.
[39] FUKASAWA T, ANDO M, OHJI T, et al. Synthesis of porous ceramics with complex pore structure by freeze-dry processing[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2001, 84(1): 230-232.
[40] FUKASAWA T, DENG Z Y, ANDO M, et al. Pore structure of porous ceramics synthesized from water-based slurry by freeze-dry process[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2001, 36(10): 2523-2527.
[41] DEVILLE S. Freeze-casting of porous ceramics: a review of current achievements and issues[J]. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2008, 10(3): 155-169.
[42] LI W L, LU K, WALZ J Y. Freeze casting of porous materials: review of critical factors in microstructure evolution[J]. International Materials Reviews, 2012, 57(1): 37-60.
[43] GUTIÉRREZ M C, FERRER M L, DEL MONTE F. Ice-templated materials: sophisticated structures exhibiting enhanced functionalities obtained after unidirectional freezing and ice-segregation-induced self-assembly[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2008, 20(3): 634-648.
[44] QIAN L, ZHANG H F. Controlled freezing and freeze drying: a versatile route for porous and micro-/nano-structured materials[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2011, 86(2): 172-184.
[45] DEVILLE S, SAIZ E, TOMSIA A P. Freeze casting of hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering[J]. Biomaterials, 2006, 27(32): 5480-5489.
[46] ARAKI K, HALLORAN J W. Porous ceramic bodies with interconnected pore channels by a novel freeze casting technique[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2005, 88(5): 1108-1114.
[47] ARAKI K, HALLORAN J W. Room-temperature freeze casting for ceramics with nonaqueous sublimable vehicles in the naphthalene-camphor eutectic system[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2004, 87(11): 2014-2019.
[48] GUO R, WANG C G, YANG A K. Piezoelectric properties of the 1-3 type porous lead zirconate titanate ceramics[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2011, 94(6): 1794-1799.
[49] ZHANG Y, ZHOU K C, BAO Y X, et al. Effects of rheological properties on ice-templated porous hydroxyapatite ceramics[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2013, 33(1): 340-346.
[50] FU Q, RAHAMAN M N, DOGAN F, et al. Freeze casting of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds. II. Sintering, microstructure, and mechanical behavior[J]. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B, Applied Biomaterials, 2008, 86(2): 514-522.
[51] DEVILLE S, VIAZZI C, GUIZARD C. Ice-structuring mechanism for zirconium acetate[J]. Langmuir, 2012, 28(42): 14892-14898.
[52] PORTER M M, MCKITTRICK J, MEYERS M A. Biomimetic materials by freeze casting[J]. JOM, 2013, 65(6): 720-727.
[53] YANG T Y, LEE J M, YOON S Y, et al. Hydroxyapatite scaffolds processed using a TBA-based freeze-gel casting/polymer sponge technique[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2010, 21(5): 1495-1502.
[54] LEE J H, CHOI H J, YOON S Y, et al. Porous mullite ceramics derived from coal fly ash using a freeze-gel casting/polymer sponge technique[J]. Journal of Porous Materials, 2013, 20(1): 219-226.
[55] YOUNG Y T, YOUNG K W, YOUNG Y S, et al. Macroporous silicate ceramics prepared by freeze casting combined with polymer sponge method[J]. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2010, 71(4): 436-439.
[56] HAN J C, HU L Y, ZHANG Y M, et al. Fabrication of ceramics with complex porous structures by the impregnate-freeze-casting process[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2009, 92(9): 2165-2167.
[57] ZUO K H, ZHANG Y, ZENG Y P, et al. Pore-forming agent induced microstructure evolution of freeze casted hydroxyapatite[J]. Ceramics International, 2011, 37(1): 407-410.
[58] AKKOUCH A, ZHANG Z, ROUABHIA M. A novel collagen/hydroxyapatite/poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) biodegradable and bioactive 3D porous scaffold for bone regeneration[J]. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2011, 96A(4): 693-704.
[59] DEVILLE S, SAIZ E, TOMSIA A P. Ice-templated porous alumina structures[J]. Acta Materialia, 2007, 55(6): 1965-1974.
[60] MACCHETTA A, TURNER I G, BOWEN C R. Fabrication of HA/TCP scaffolds with a graded and porous structure using a camphene-based freeze-casting method[J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2009, 5(4): 1319-1327.
[61] TANG Z, KOTOV N A, MAGONOV S, et al. Nanostructured artificial nacre[J]. Nature Materials, 2003, 2(6): 413-418.
[62] LIU Q, YE F, GAO Y, et al. Fabrication of a new SiC/2024Al co-continuous composite with lamellar microstructure and high mechanical properties[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, 585: 146-153.
[63] KIRSCHVINK J L, GOULD J L. Biogenic magnetite as a basis for magnetic field detection in animals[J]. Biosystems, 1981, 13(3): 181-201.
[64] KALMIJN A J, GONZALEZ I F, MCCLUNE M C. The physical nature of life[J]. Journal of Physiology-Paris, 2002, 96(5/6): 355-362.
[65] WALCOTT C, GREEN R P. Orientation of homing pigeons altered by a change in the direction of an applied magnetic field[J]. Science, 1974, 184(4133): 180-182.
[66] GOULD J L, KIRSCHVINK J L, DEFFEYES K S. Bees have magnetic remanence[J]. Science, 1978, 201(4360): 1026-1028.
[67] KIRSCHVINK J L, KOBAYASHI-KIRSCHVINK A, WOODFORD B J. Magnetite biomineralization in the human brain[J]. PNAS, 1992, 89(16): 7683-7687.
[68] BLAKEMORE R. Magnetotactic bacteria[J]. Science, 1975, 190(4212): 377-379.
[69] FRANK M B, NALEWAY S E, HAROUSH T, et al. Stiff, porous scaffolds from magnetized alumina particles aligned by magnetic freeze casting[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2017, 77: 484-492.
[70] PORTER M M, YEH M, STRAWSON J, et al. Magnetic freeze casting inspired by nature[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2012, 556: 741-750.
[71] MASHKOUR M, TAJVIDI M, KIMURA T, et al. Fabricating unidirectional magnetic papers using permanent magnets to align magnetic nanoparticle covered natural cellulose fibers[J]. BioResources, 2011, 6: 4731-4738.
[72] PORTER M M, NIKSIAR P, MCKITTRICK J. Microstructural control of colloidal-based ceramics by directional solidification under weak magnetic fields[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2016, 99(6): 1917-1926.
[73] DEVILLE S, MAIRE E, LASALLE A, et al. In situ X-ray radiography and tomography observations of the solidification of aqueous alumina particle suspensions—part I: initial instants[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2009, 92(11): 2489-2496.
[74] CHEN P Y, LIN A Y M, LIN Y S, et al. Structure and mechanical properties of selected biological materials[J]. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2008, 1(3): 208-226.
[75] MEYERS M A, CHEN P Y, LOPEZ M I, et al. Biological materials: a materials science approach[J]. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2011, 4(5): 626-657.
[76] CHEN P Y, LIN A Y M, MCKITTRICK J, et al. Structure and mechanical properties of crab exoskeletons[J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2008, 4(3): 587-596.
[77] CHENG L, THOMAS A, GLANCEY J L, et al. Mechanical behavior of bio-inspired laminated composites[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2011, 42(2): 211-220.
[78] PORTER M M, MERAZ L, CALDERON A, et al. Torsional properties of helix-reinforced composites fabricated by magnetic freeze casting[J]. Composite Structures, 2015, 119: 174-184.
[79] DEVILLE S. Freezing as a path to build complex composites[J]. Science, 2006, 311(5760): 515-518.
[80] LEE S, PORTER M, WASKO S, et al. Potential bone replacement materials prepared by two methods[J]. MRS Online Proceedings Library, 2012, 1418(1): 177-188.