Main Influencing Factors of Ammonium Sulfate Crystallization in Ammonia Desulfurization Process

Abstract

Abstract: Ammonia desulfurization technology has many advantages compared with other desulfurization technologies. This technology can effectively control SO₂ and also obtain by-product fertilizer ammonium sulfate, but it has the problems of small by-product ammonium sulfate crystal particles and low crystal formation rate. Therefore, the effects of seed crystals, Fe³⁺, additives and suspended solids on the crystallization of ammonium sulfate were reviewed. The mechanism of various factors on the nucleation of ammonium sulfate was analyzed. The current research deficiencies were summarized, and the key research direction of ammonium sulfate crystallization in the future was prospected.

Key words: ammonia desulfurization, ammonium sulfate, crystallization, influencing factor

CLC Number:

TQ441.11

DAI Meng, HUANG Bangfu, LI Lu, WANG Defu, YANG Zhengyu, LUO Feng, YE Fuyin, LI Ming. Main Influencing Factors of Ammonium Sulfate Crystallization in Ammonia Desulfurization Process[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2021, 40(2): 505-512.

References

[1] 周茂军,张代华.宝钢烧结烟气超低排放技术集成与实践[J].钢铁,2020,55(2):144-151.
ZHOU M J, ZHANG D H. Technology integration and practice of ultra-low emission of sintering flue gas in Baosteel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2020, 55(2): 144-151 (in Chinese).
[2] 蔡震峰.氨法烟气脱硫技术综述[J].现代化工,2012,32(8):9-10.
CAI Z F. Review on ammonia desulfurization technology for flue gas[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2012, 32(8): 9-10 (in Chinese).
[3] 李露,黄帮福,张桂芳,等.氨法脱硫副产物硫酸铵蒸发结晶研究与进展[J].现代化工,2020,40(4):36-40.
LI L, HUANG B F, ZHANG G F, et al. Research and advances in evaporation crystallization of ammonium sulfate byproduct from ammonia-route desulfurization[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2020, 40(4): 36-40 (in Chinese).
[4] JIM K M, KIM K J, JANG Y N. Effect of supersaturation on the particle size of ammonium sulfate in semibatch evaporative crystallization[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013, 52(32): 11151-11158.
[5] 陈志高.浅谈氨法烟气脱硫工艺中硫酸铵结晶颗粒小的原因[J].中国资源综合利用,2018,36(9):95-97.
CHEN Z G. Brief discussion on the reasons for the small crystallized granular sulfate particles in the flue gas desulfurization process[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2018, 36(9): 95-97 (in Chinese).
[6] 颜长青,张广连.影响硫酸铵产品质量的因素与改进措施[J].燃料与化工,2014,45(3):43-44+47.
YAN C Q, ZHANG G L. Factors affecting the quality of ammonium sulfate and its improvements[J]. Fuel & Chemical Processes, 2014, 45(3): 43-44+47 (in Chinese).
[7] 刘宝树,种悦晖,孙华,等.均一化大颗粒硫酸铵结晶高效制备工艺研究[J].无机盐工业,2017,49(6):77-80.
LIU B S, CHONG Y H, SUN H, et al. High efficiency preparation of homogeneous large granular ammonium sulfate crystals[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2017, 49(6): 77-80 (in Chinese).
[8] 高建强,罗翔启,陈乾荣.浅析氨法脱硫结晶存在的问题及处理措施[J].大氮肥,2016,39(2):102-105.
GAO J Q, LUO X Q, CHEN Q R. Study on crystal occurred in ammonia desulfurizing process and treatment measures[J]. Large Scale Nitrogenous Fertilizer Industry, 2016, 39(2): 102-105 (in Chinese).
[9] 李俊宏,叶世超,谭巍,等.添加晶种对磷酸二氢钾结晶特性的影响[J].化工矿物与加工,2014,43(3):19-22.
LI J H, YE S C, TAN W, et al. Effect of seeding on characteristics of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystallization[J]. Industrial Minerals & Processing, 2014, 43(3): 19-22 (in Chinese).
[10] 彭健,杨振,张登峰.燃煤烟气氨法脱硫脱硝产物结晶实验研究[J].无机盐工业,2018,50(4):37-39.
PENG J, YANG Z, ZHANG D F. Crystallization experiment of product from coal fired gas by desulfurization and denitration with ammonia process[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2018, 50(4): 37-39 (in Chinese).
[11] 徐欢欢,刘宝树,孙华,等.硫酸铵蒸发-冷却结晶工艺研究[J].无机盐工业,2012,44(6):14-16.
XU H H, LIU B S, SUN H, et al. Study on evaporation-cooling coupled crystallization process of ammonium sulfate[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2012, 44(6): 14-16 (in Chinese).
[12] 彭思瑶,施云海.硫酸铵介稳区宽度的研究及成核动力学计算[J].无机盐工业,2018,50(1):41-45.
PENG S Y, SHI Y H. Study on metastable zone width and nucleation kinetics of ammonium sulfate crystallization process[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2018, 50(1): 41-45 (in Chinese).
[13] BUCHFINK R, ULRICH J. Influence of trivalent metal ions on the metastable zone width of ammonium sulfate[J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2011, 34(4): 505-509.
[14] 王小凤.氨法脱硫结晶的影响因素与对策[J].化工管理,2018(29):68-69.
WANG X F. Influencing factors and countermeasures of ammonia desulfurization crystallization[J]. Chemical Enterprise Management, 2018(29): 68-69 (in Chinese).
[15] BUCHFINK R, SCHMIDT C, ULRICH J. Fe³⁺ as an example of the effect of trivalent additives on the crystallization of inorganic compounds, here ammonium sulfate[J]. CrystEngComm, 2011, 13(4): 1118-1122.
[16] 高毅颖,张懿,王静康,等.不同类型媒晶剂对硫酸铵晶体形态学指标的影响[J].化工学报,2011,62(12):3575-3579.
GAO Y Y, ZHANG Y, WANG J K, et al. Effect of crystallization additives on crystal morphology of ammonium sulfate[J]. CIESC Journal, 2011, 62(12): 3575-3579 (in Chinese).
[17] 朱振兴.硫酸铵结晶过程的研究及其固—液多相流的计算流体力学研究[D].天津:天津大学,2008.
ZHU Z X. Study and multi-phase CFD modelling of ammoium sulphate crystallization[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2008 (in Chinese).
[18] 徐亚琳,刘新亚,殷李国,等.氨法烟气脱硫副产物硫酸铵蒸发结晶实验研究[J].应用化工,2016,45(11):2039-2042.
XU Y L, LIU X Y, YIN L G, et al. Evaporating crystallization of ammonium sulfate byproduct of ammonia-based desulphurization process[J]. Applied Chemical Industry, 2016, 45(11): 2039-2042 (in Chinese).
[19] 王振南,汪莉,李哲,等.Fe³⁺对氨法脱硫工艺中氧化和结晶的影响[J].环境工程,2015,33(s1):319-323+350.
WANG Z N, WANG L, LI Z, et al. The impact of ferric iron on oxidation and crystallization in the ammonia desulfurization process[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2015, 33(s1): 319-323+350 (in Chinese).
[20] 王荣荣.硫酸铵间歇冷却结晶过程研究及晶体粒度与形态调控[D].上海:华东理工大学,2016.
WANG R R. Research on the batch cooling crystallization process of ammonium sulfate and regulation of crystal size and morphology[D]. Shanghai: East China University of Science and Technology, 2016 (in Chinese).
[21] OATIS S, IMRE D, MCGRAW R, et al. Heterogeneous nucleation of a common atmospheric aerosol: ammonium sulfate[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1998, 25(24): 4469-4472.
[22] ONASCH T B, MCGRAW R, IMRE D. Temperature-dependent heterogeneous efflorescence of mixed ammonium sulfate/calcium carbonate particles[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2000, 104(46): 10797-10806.
[23] WANG G D, YANG L, LAN R, et al. Granulation by spray coating aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate to produce large spherical granules in a fluidized bed[J]. Particuology, 2013, 11(5): 483-489.
[24] 王荣荣,施云海,李伟,等.间歇冷却结晶中硫酸铵晶体粒度及形态调控[J].化学工程,2016,44(5):32-37.
WANG R R, SHI Y H, LI W, et al. Regulation of size and morphology of ammonium sulfate crystals in batch-cooling crystallization[J]. Chemical Engineering (China), 2016, 44(5): 32-37 (in Chinese).
[25] 张建华,叶世超,曾贯虹,等.氨法脱硫中硫酸铵结晶过程影响因素的研究[J].广东化工,2016,43(11):3-5+11.
ZHANG J H, YE S C, ZENG G H, et al. Influencing factors of ammonium sulfate crystallization in ammonia desulphurization[J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2016, 43(11): 3-5+11 (in Chinese).
[26] 陈明华,曾繁翔,付志强,等.悬浮物测定的影响因素[J].实验室研究与探索,2016,35(7):11-15.
CHEN M H, ZENG F X, FU Z Q, et al. Study on factors affecting the determination of suspended solids[J]. Research and Exploration in Laboratory, 2016, 35(7): 11-15 (in Chinese).
[27] 贾海燕.影响氨法脱硫溶液结晶成硫酸铵产品的因素及对策[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2017(12):30-33+71+96.
JIA H Y. The factors influencing crystallization of ammonia desulfurization solution to ammonium sulfate products and the countermeasures[J]. Coal Processing & Comprehensive Utilization, 2017(12): 30-33+71+96 (in Chinese).
[28] LIU X, ZHONG Q, WANG J, et al. Study on ammonium sulfate crystallization in the ammonium desulphurization process in a coal-based power plant in the petrochemical industry[J]. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2011, 33(22): 2027-2035.