谐振骨料特性对超材料混凝土防爆减振性能的影响

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1193

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究超材料混凝土在爆炸冲击下的减振性能，基于局域共振超材料理论，建立了100 cm×100 cm×30 cm的超材料混凝土三维数值模型，并采用ALE方法模拟TNT爆炸荷载，系统分析了谐振骨料的材料属性、几何尺寸及非均匀分布对超材料混凝土减振性能的影响。结果表明：超材料混凝土可通过局域共振有效衰减爆炸应力波；在本文设定的参数水平下，涂层弹性模量对振动速度峰值的影响最显著，而各参数对应力峰值均无统计显著性影响；谐振骨料底部富集分布未降低整体减振性能，而周期性排布因兼具局域共振与布拉格散射效应，展现出更优的整体减振性能；采用优化参数组合的4层谐振骨料结构可实现93.5%的冲击能量衰减率。该研究为超材料混凝土的材料选择、参数设计及工艺控制提供了理论参考。

关键词: 超材料混凝土, 谐振骨料, 爆炸荷载, 骨料分布, 动力响应

Abstract:

To investigate the vibration suppression performance of metaconcrete under blast loading， a three-dimensional finite element model of metaconcrete measuring 100 cm×100 cm×30 cm was established based on the theory of locally resonant metamaterials. The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian （ALE） method was employed to simulate TNT blast loading， and the effects of material properties， geometric dimensions， and non-uniform distribution of resonant aggregates on the vibration suppression performance of metaconcrete were systematically analyzed. The results show that metaconcrete can effectively attenuate blast-induced stress waves through local resonance. Within the parameter ranges studied， the elastic modulus of the coating has the most significant influence on the peak vibration velocity， while none of the parameters show a statistically significant effect on the peak stress. The bottom-enriched distribution of resonant aggregates does not degrade the overall vibration suppression performance； instead， a periodic arrangement exhibits superior overall performance due to the combined effects of local resonance and Bragg scattering. A four-layer resonant aggregate structure with optimized parameters achieves 93.5% attenuation rate of impact energy. This study provides theoretical references for material selection， parameter design， and process control in metaconcrete.

Key words: metaconcrete, resonant aggregate, blast loading, aggregate distribution, dynamic response

中图分类号:

TU528.41

傅友云, 陈志华, 贺锋, 刘刚. 谐振骨料特性对超材料混凝土防爆减振性能的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(7): 2312-2323.

FU Youyun, CHEN Zhihua, HE Feng, LIU Gang. Effects of Resonant Aggregate Characteristics on Blast Mitigation and Vibration Suppression Performance of Metaconcrete[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(7): 2312-2323.

图/表 23

图1 超材料混凝土单胞

Fig.1 Metaconcrete unit cell

图2 超材料混凝土一维模型

Fig.2 One-dimensional model of metaconcrete

图3 模型示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of model

图4 有限元模型

Fig.4 Finite element model

表1 基体材料参数［12］

Table 1 Matrix material parameters［12］

Material	Density/（kg·m^-3）	Elastic modulus/MPa	Compressive strength/MPa	Poisson ratio
Mortar	2 100	3×10⁴	34	0.2

表2 重核和涂层材料参数［12］

Table 2 Material parameters of heavy core and coating［12］

Material	Density/（kg·m^-3）	Elastic modulus/MPa	Poisson ratio
Lead	11 400	1.6×10⁴	0.44
Polyurethane	900	1.47×10²	0.42

图5 超压时程曲线

Fig.5 Overpressure time-history curve

图6 位移曲线对比

Fig.6 Displacement curve comparison

图7 两种混凝土应力时程对比

Fig.7 Stress time-history comparison of two types of concrete

图8 超材料混凝土的应力云图

Fig.8 Stress contour map of metaconcrete

图9 剖切面应力云图

Fig.9 Stress contour map on cross-section

表3 正交试验因素水平设计

Table 3 Factor-level design for orthogonal experiment

Parameter	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Coating thickness/mm	1.0	2.0	3.0
Coating elastic modulus/MPa	14.7	147	1 470
Heavy core radius/mm	9	10	11
Heavy core density/（g·cm^-3）	2.7	7.9	11.4

表4 正交试验方案与动力响应结果

Table 4 Orthogonal experimental scheme and dynamic response results

Test	Coatingthickness/mm	Coating elastic modulus/MPa	Heavy core radius/mm	Heavy core density/（g·cm^-3）	Peak compressive stress/MPa	Peak tensile stress/MPa	Peak velocity/（m·s^-1）
1	1.0	14.7	9	2.7	6.86	2.70	0.94
2	1.0	147	10	7.8	5.83	2.20	0.34
3	1.0	1 470	11	11.4	6.02	2.78	0.77
4	2.0	14.7	10	11.4	6.37	2.86	0.96
5	2.0	147	11	2.7	6.16	3.01	0.38
6	2.0	1 470	9	7.8	7.45	3.12	0.91
7	3.0	14.7	11	7.8	6.56	3.48	0.41
8	3.0	147	9	11.4	6.88	2.69	0.53
9	3.0	1 470	10	2.7	7.89	3.06	0.97

图10 谐振骨料参数的动力响应的极差分析

Fig.10 Range analysis of dynamic response of resonant aggregate parameters

表5 方差分析结果

Table 5 Analysis of variance （ANOVA） results

Factor	Peak velocity/（m·s^-1）	Peak compressive stress/MPa	Peak tensile stress/MPa	Optimal level
Coating thickness/mm	—	—	—	—
Coating elastic modulus/MPa	F=18.26 P=0.052	F=2.29 P=0.304	F=5.85 P=0.146	147
Heavy core radius/mm	F=6.78 P=0.128	F=2.17 P=0.315	F=4.94 P=0.168	11
Heavy core density/（g·cm^-3）	F=4.33 P=0.188	—	—	11.4

图11 谐振骨料参数对减振性能的影响趋势

Fig.11 Influence trends of resonant aggregate parameters on vibration suppression performance

图12 谐振骨料不同离析程度的分布模型示意图

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of distribution models for resonant aggregates with different segregation degrees

表6 谐振骨料梯度分布模型的骨料占比

Table 6 Aggregate proportion in gradient distribution models of resonant aggregates

Model type	Volume fraction/%
Model type	Bottom	Middle	Top
Mild segregation	36	33	31
Moderate segregation	40	32	28
Severe segregation	56	30	24

图13 各截面应力云图

Fig.13 Stress contour maps on each cross-section

图14 超材料混凝土背爆面平均应力时程曲线

Fig.14 Average stress time-history curves on rear face of metaconcrete

图15 超材料混凝土功率谱密度

Fig.15 Power spectral density of metaconcrete

表7 超材料混凝土与普通混凝土的总能量对比

Table 7 Total energy comparison between metaconcrete and normal concrete

Depth/cm	Normal concrete total energy/J	Metaconcrete total energy/J
0	3 476	3 328
5	2 420	1 408
10	1 987	788
15	1 663	407
20	1 479	213
25	1 043	73
30	761	29

图16 总能量及衰减率

Fig.16 Total energy and attenuation rate

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