玻璃基中子及γ射线屏蔽材料研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 玻璃材料具备高化学稳定性和高辐照稳定性,同时还具备高折射率以及高透光性的光学特性,这使玻璃基中子及γ射线屏蔽材料有望成为同时实现辐射屏蔽以及视觉监控的独特材料。本文从中子辐射及γ射线辐射屏蔽机理入手,结合蒙特卡罗法介绍了屏蔽材料设计思路及手段,以及多种玻璃基屏蔽材料研究现状。铅玻璃由于高毒性正逐步被淘汰,而硅酸盐、硼酸盐、硼硅酸盐等无铅玻璃已成为工业市场的主流。通过向玻璃中掺入重金属化合物(如Bi₂O₃、BaO)和稀土元素(如La、Gd),可以有效增加质量衰减系数并降低半值层,从而显著提升其屏蔽效果,但是这种掺杂方式可能会对材料的机械性能产生不利影响。此外,本文还比较了玻璃基屏蔽材料与其他类型屏蔽材料的优劣。进一步提升玻璃基屏蔽材料的综合性能,以及开发既环保又智能的新型屏蔽材料,对于推动屏蔽技术的进步与应用具有重大意义。

关键词: 屏蔽玻璃, 中子屏蔽, γ射线屏蔽, 重金属化合物, 稀土元素, 玻璃制备

Abstract: Glass-based materials are renowned for their application prospects in neutron and gamma-ray shielding, focusing on their dual functionality of offering radiation protection while permitting visual monitoring. These materials stand out for their excellent chemical durability, resilience against radiation-induced deterioration, high refractive indices, and superior light transmission characteristics. In this paper, the initial sections are delved into the shielding mechanisms for neutron and gamma-ray radiation, employing Monte Carlo simulations to elucidate the design principles and development strategies of these shielding materials. It is complemented by a comprehensive review of the current state of research in glass-based shielding materials. Given the environmental and health concerns associated with lead-based glasses, lead glass is being abandoned. The paper highlights the predominance of silicate, borate, and borosilicate glasses in the industry. It is demonstrated that the addition of heavy metal oxides (such as Bi₂O₃ and BaO) and rare earth elements (like La and Gd) to the glass matrix can significantly increase the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), reduce the half-value layer (HLV), and thereby enhance shielding effectiveness. Notably, the integration of these dopants may negatively impact the mechanical properties of materials. This paper also includes a comparison of glass-based shielding materials with alternative shielding solutions. Enhancing the multifaceted performance of glass-based shielding materials, alongside the advancement of eco-friendly and smart shielding solutions, will constitute a pivotal area of future research.

Key words: shielding glass, neutron shield, gamma-ray shield, heavy metal compound, rare earth element, glass preparation

中图分类号:

TL77
TQ191

宋子锋, 王晨, 张勇. 玻璃基中子及γ射线屏蔽材料研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(10): 3824-3833.

SONG Zifeng, WANG Chen, ZHANG Yong. Research Progress on Glass-Based Neutron and Gamma-Ray Shielding Materials[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(10): 3824-3833.

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