铁尾矿砂的研究与应用进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 伴随着我国矿产工业的快速发展,铁尾矿砂的排放量激增,目前对铁尾矿砂主要的处理方式仍以消极堆存、填埋为主,这不仅占据了大量土地资源,还造成了严重的环境污染,因此,铁尾矿砂的大规模消纳迫在眉睫。铁尾矿砂是在特定条件下,将铁矿石通过磨细、浮选或磁选等工艺选取“有用部分”后所排放的废弃物。与天然细集料相比,其颗粒较细,棱角分明且更加坚固,可广泛应用于建筑工程,其中,铁尾矿砂的地域差异、原矿组成、品位、粒度及开采选矿提炼工艺等都会对其理化性质产生较大的影响。铁尾矿砂的活性较低,需采用不同活化方法提高其活性,其中,复合活化是最有效的技术。本文针对国内外铁尾矿砂的建材资源化利用及在其他领域的应用展开了综述,归纳了利用铁尾矿砂制备混凝土对力学性能、耐久性等的影响,讨论了其应用于道路功能材料的关键性能,梳理了铁尾矿砂基砖的应用现状,评估了利用其制备地聚合物的可行性,论述了其在制备介孔分子筛及改良膨胀土方面的优势。

关键词: 铁尾矿砂, 选矿, 活化, 特细砂, 资源化利用

Abstract: With the rapid development of China's mineral industry, the emission of iron tailings sand has increased sharply. At present, the negative storage and landfill are still the main treatment methods, which does not only occupy a large amount of land resources, but also cause serious environmental pollution. Therefore, large-scale consumption of iron tailings sand is imminent. Iron tailings sand is a kind of waste discharged after the ‘useful part' of iron ore is selected by grinding, flotation or magnetic separation under a certain condition. Compared with natural fine aggregate, the particle is finer, angular and more solid, which could be widely used in various practical projects. Among them, the regional differences of iron tailings, raw ore composition, grade, particle size and mining beneficiation refining process have a greater impact on the physical and chemical properties. As an inert material, different activation methods could be conducted to improve the activity of iron tailings sand, whereas, the composite activation is the most effective technology. In this paper, the utilization of building materials of iron tailings sand at home and abroad and its application in other fields are reviewed. The influence of concrete prepared by iron tailings sand on mechanical properties and durability is summarized. The key properties of the application in road functional materials are discussed. The application status of iron tailings sand-based bricks is sorted out. The feasibility of using it to prepare geopolymer is evaluated. Its advantages in the preparation of mesoporous molecular sieves and the improvement of expansive soil are discussed.

Key words: iron tailings sand, mineral dressing, activation, extra fine sand, resource utilization

中图分类号:

TU521

黄伟, 薛葵, 张子龙, 曹涌钢, 王佳亮, 邱文浩, 陈冬生. 铁尾矿砂的研究与应用进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(10): 3655-3665.

HUANG Wei, XUE Kui, ZHANG Zilong, CAO Yonggang, WANG Jialiang, QIU Wenhao, CHEN Dongsheng. Research and Application Progress of Iron Tailings Sand[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(10): 3655-3665.

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