烧结温度及机械活化时间对陶瓷固废制备陶瓷砖的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 陶瓷的生产、使用和废弃过程会产生大量的固体废物,这些陶瓷固废大多只能露天堆放或填埋处置,其资源化利用程度很低。本文以陶瓷固废为主要原料,在三乙醇胺和毫米级氧化锆球的协同作用下对陶瓷废弃物机械活化处理,探究不同机械活化时间和烧结温度对废瓷粉烧结性能的影响。结果表明:机械活化6 h后能将废瓷粉的中位粒径D₅₀从4.329 μm减小到0.141 μm,打破了废瓷粉中有序的Si—O四面体结构,使其无定形化程度加深,进而提高粉体的烧结活性。烧结温度的升高不仅能增加液相的生成量,使其填充颗粒间的孔隙,提高样品的致密度,还能促进透辉石的生成,优化样品物理性能。在烧结温度950 ℃、保温0.5 h后,样品抗折强度为51.63 MPa,吸水率为0.386%,体积密度为2.342 g/cm³,符合《陶瓷砖》(GB 4100—2016)中BIa类标准(平均抗折强度≥35 MPa,吸水率≤0.5%)瓷质砖要求。本文提供了一种“以废制新”的新方法,实现了废陶瓷的有效回收利用。

关键词: 陶瓷固废, 机械活化, 中位粒径, 透辉石, 陶瓷砖

Abstract: The production, using and disposal process of ceramics will produce a large amount of solid waste. Most of these ceramic solid wastes can only be disposed of open piles or landfills, with a low degree of resource utilization. In this paper, ceramic solid waste was mechanically activated with triethanolamine and millimeter zirconia balls as main raw material. The effects of different mechanical activation times and sintering temperatures on sintering performance of waste ceramic powder were investigated. The experimental results show that the most suitable mechanical activation time is 6 h, which can reduce the medium particle size D₅₀ of waste porcelain powder from 4.329 μm to 0.141 μm. The mechanical activation can break the ordered Si—O tetrahedral structure of waste porcelain powder, deepen its amorphization, and then improve the sintering activity of powder. The increase of sintering temperature not only increases the generation of liquid phase to fill inter-particle pores and improves densities of samples, but also promotes the generation of tremolite, which improves the physical properties of samples. The most suitable sintering system is sintering temperature 950 ℃ and holding time 0.5 h. The sintered sample has a flexural strength of 51.63 MPa, a water absorption rate of 0.386%, and a bulk density of 2.342 g/cm³, which can meet the BIa class standard (average flexural strength ≥35 MPa, water absorption ≤0.5%) in Ceramic Tiles (GB 4100—2016). This paper provides a new method of ‘from waste to resource’, which achieves the effective recycling of waste ceramics.

Key words: ceramic solid waste, mechanical activation, medium particle size, diopside, ceramic tile

中图分类号:

TQ174.76

宁高朋, 周正元, 夏光华, 吴文新, 曹天忆, 陈雨珊. 烧结温度及机械活化时间对陶瓷固废制备陶瓷砖的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(8): 3026-3033.

NING Gaopeng, ZHOU Zhengyuan, XIA Guanghua, WU Wenxing, CAO Tianyi, CHEN Yushan. Effects of Sintering Temperature and Mechanically Activated Time on Ceramic Tiles Preparation with Ceramic Solid Waste[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(8): 3026-3033.

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