以硼砂为助熔剂使用含钛高炉渣制备发泡陶瓷

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以紫色页岩、含钛高炉渣为原料,硼砂为助熔剂,碳化硅为发泡剂制备发泡陶瓷,通过对气孔率、闭孔率、孔径分布、表观密度、抗压强度、导热系数进行测量,研究了原料配比和硼砂添加量对发泡陶瓷气孔结构和物理性能的影响。结果显示:当原料中含钛高炉渣比例增加时,试样的平均孔径增加,气孔均匀性下降;硼砂的加入会使试样抗压强度降低,孔隙率增大,导热系数变小。当发泡陶瓷原料配比(质量分数)为高炉渣30%,页岩70%,添加4%的硼砂和0.2%的碳化硅时,制备出的发泡陶瓷的表观密度为0.374 g·cm^-3,导热系数为0.121 W·m^-1·K^-1,抗压强度为2.59 MPa,满足建筑外墙保温发泡陶瓷的要求。发泡陶瓷主要晶相为斜长石,同时伴有部分透辉石、石英和少量的铁板钛矿。

关键词: 页岩, 含钛高炉渣, 硼砂, 发泡陶瓷, 热导系数, 抗压强度

Abstract: Foamed ceramics were prepared with purple shale and titanium-bearing blast furnace slag (BFS)as raw materials, and borax as flux agent, silicon carbide (SiC) as foaming agent. By analyzing the porosity, closed porosity, pore size distribution, apparent density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity, the effects of the composition of raw materials and borax addition on pore structure and physical properties were studied. The result indicates that as the BFS proportion increases, the pore size distribution of samples increases while the pore uniformity decreases. With the increase of borax addition, the compressive strength increases and the thermal conductivity decreases. The optimized proportion (mass fraction) of raw materials is 70% shale and 30% BFS, with 4% borax and 0.2% SiC addition. The foamed ceramics exhibites apparent density of 0.374 g·cm^-3, thermal conductivity of 0.121 W·m^-1·K^-1, compressive strength of 2.59 MPa, which meets the requirements of building exterior insulation foamed ceramics. The main crystal phases of foamed ceramics are anorthite, quartz, diopside and pseudobrookite.

Key words: shale, titanium-bearing blast furnace slag, borax, foamed ceramics, thermal conductivity, compressive strength

中图分类号:

TQ174.76

李嘉昊, 梁宗宇, 杨合, 马明龙. 以硼砂为助熔剂使用含钛高炉渣制备发泡陶瓷[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2021, 40(12): 4077-4083.

LI Jiahao, LIANG Zongyu, YANG He, MA Minglong. Foamed Ceramics Prepared by Titanium-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag with Borax as Flux Agent[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2021, 40(12): 4077-4083.

参考文献

[1] 彭团儿,王玉文,郭珍旭,等.可用于制备发泡陶瓷的固废综合利用现状及研究进展[J].佛山陶瓷,2020,30(2):1-9.
PENG T E, WANG Y W, GUO Z X, et al. Present situation and research progress of comprehensive utilization of solid wastes for preparation of foamed ceramics[J]. Foshan Ceramics, 2020, 30(2): 1-9 (in Chinese).
[2] 彭团儿,李洪潮,刘玉林,等.工业固废制备发泡陶瓷研究及应用进展[J].陶瓷,2019(12):9-22.
PENG T E, LI H C, LIU Y L, et al. Applications and research of foam ceramic prepared by using industry solid waste[J]. Ceramics, 2019(12): 9-22 (in Chinese).
[3] 胡志波,陈桃,张子浩,等.攀西地区含钛高炉渣中钛的分选研究[J].化工矿物与加工,2021,50(10):18-21
HU Z B, CHEN T, ZHANG Z H, et al. Study on enrichment and separation of titanium components from titanium-containing blast furnace slag in panxi area[J]. Industrial Minerals & Processing, 2021, 50(10): 18-21 (in Chinese).
[4] 高洋,贵永亮,宋春燕,等.高钛高炉渣综合利用现状及展望[J].矿产综合利用,2019(1):6-10.
GAO Y, GUI Y L, SONG C Y, et al. Present situation and prospect of comprehensive utilization of high titanium blast furnace slag[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2019(1): 6-10 (in Chinese).
[5] 刘海沛,李众,沈岳松,等.不同外加剂对废弃脱硝催化剂制备钛基陶瓷性能的影响[J].热力发电,2017,46(7):66-71.
LIU H P, LI Z, SHEN Y S, et al. Effects of different admixtures on performance of titanium-based ceramics prepared by waste denitrification catalyst[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2017, 46(7): 66-71 (in Chinese).
[6] 丁力.利用页岩制作发泡陶瓷的研究[J].陶瓷,2015(4):23-27.
DING L. Study on foamed ceramics prepared by shale[J]. Ceramics, 2015(4): 23-27 (in Chinese).
[7] 唐紫娟,梁健,江伟辉,等.硼砂对泡沫陶瓷结构和性能的影响(英文)[J].陶瓷学报,2021,42(1):63-68.
TANG Z J, LIANG J, JIANG W H, et al. Effect of borax on structure and properties of foam ceramics[J]. Journal of Ceramics, 2021, 42(1): 63-68.
[8] 张辉,李安林,曾小州,等.以赤泥为助熔剂制备长石质发泡陶瓷[J].硅酸盐通报,2019,38(12):4002-4006.
ZHANG H, LI A L, ZENG X Z, et al. Preparation of feldspar foam ceramics with red mud as flux[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2019, 38(12): 4002-4006 (in Chinese).
[9] 袁琦,郑玉,李志辉,等.颗粒稳定泡沫法制备钢渣泡沫陶瓷[J].硅酸盐通报,2020,39(10):3334-3339.
YUAN Q, ZHENG Y, LI Z H, et al. Steel slag foamed ceramics prepared by particle-stabilized foaming method[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2020, 39(10): 3334-3339 (in Chinese).
[10] 王琨,冯荣,孟凡然,等.预留大孔对煤矸石制备发泡陶瓷保温材料性能的影响[J].新型建筑材料,2020,47(11):24-27+32.
WANG K, FENG R, MENG F R, et al. Effect of reserved macropore on the performance of thermal insulation material for foamed ceramic made of coal gangue[J]. New Building Materials, 2020, 47(11): 24-27+32 (in Chinese).
[11] TANG Z J, LIANG J, JIANG W H, et al. Preparation of high strength foam ceramics from sand shale and steel slag[J]. Ceramics International, 2020, 46(7): 9256-9262.
[12] 张家硕,刘涛涌,韩磊,等.直接发泡法制备高强度硅砂尾矿基泡沫陶瓷[J].陶瓷学报,2020,41(5):694-699.
ZHANG J S, LIU T Y, HAN L, et al. High strength silica tailing based foam ceramics through direct foaming[J]. Journal of Ceramics, 2020, 41(5): 694-699 (in Chinese).
[13] 石纪军,邓一星,孙国梁.尾砂和煤矸石制备闭孔泡沫陶瓷的导热性能研究[J].新型建筑材料,2020,47(12):103-106.
SHI J J, DENG Y X, SUN G L. The thermal conductivity properties of closed foam ceramic prepared by tailings and coal gangue[J]. New Building Materials, 2020, 47(12): 103-106 (in Chinese).
[14] JIANG C C, HUANG S F, LI G Z, et al. Formation of closed-pore foam ceramic from granite scraps[J]. Ceramics International, 2018, 44(3): 3469-3471.
[15] 梁宗宇,张华,马明龙,等.烧成工艺制度对含钛高炉渣制备发泡陶瓷性能的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2020,39(5):1627-1632.
LIANG Z Y, ZHANG H, MA M L, et al. Effect of firing process system on performance of foamed ceramic prepared by titanium-bearing blast furnace slag[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2020, 39(5): 1627-1632 (in Chinese).
[16] 高艳宏.含硼高炉钛渣粘性特征与结构的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
GAO Y H. Study on viscosity characteristic and microstructure of blast furnace titanium slag with boron[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2012 (in Chinese).
[17] ZHOU M K, GE X X, WANG H D, et al. Effect of the CaO content and decomposition of calcium-containing minerals on properties and microstructure of ceramic foams from fly ash[J]. Ceramics International, 2017, 43(12): 9451-9457.
[18] 李伟光.碱铝硅质尾矿发泡陶瓷材料的研究与应用[D].北京:北京建筑大学,2018.
LI W G. Research and application of alkali-aluminum-silica tailings foam ceramic materials[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2018 (in Chinese).
[19] 张勇林.高温发泡陶瓷制备基础研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.
ZHANG Y L. Fundamental research on preparation of high-temperature foamed ceramics[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2014 (in Chinese).