固硫灰渣的基本特性及其作水泥混合材的关键问题研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 固硫灰渣是循环流化床燃煤技术的主要副产物,如何高效、清洁地利用这一类固体废弃物是一个亟待解决的问题。本文根据近年来国内外对固硫灰渣的研究成果,从化学组成、矿物组成、微观结构、典型特性等方面综述了固硫灰渣的主要特征。相较于粉煤灰等其他燃煤副产物,固硫灰渣中存在游离氧化钙、硫酸钙和无定形铝硅酸盐物质,且颗粒疏松多孔,这导致其具有明显的火山灰活性、自硬性和水化膨胀性等特性。同时本文分析了固硫灰渣作为水泥混合材使用时需要注意的几个关键问题。结果表明,固硫灰渣特殊的组成、微结构和性质导致其作为水泥混合材使用时,必须考虑使用合适的激发剂提高灰渣活性,调整养护工艺、用水量等条件提高制品的安定性,并以添加减水剂等方式控制水泥制浆中的需水量,提高水泥石强度。这为有效实现固硫灰渣的建材资源化利用提供一定指导。

关键词: 固硫灰渣, 组成, 微结构, 水化活性, 水泥混合材

Abstract: Fluidized bed combustion (FBC) ash is an effective technology for burning the fuels containing sulphur with low SO₂ emissions. It is an important issue that how to utilize the FBC ashes in an efficient and clean way. In this paper, the major characteristics of FBC ashes in terms of chemical and mineral compositions, microstructures, properties were reviewed. Compared with fly ashes and other by-products from coal burning, FBC ashes with porous structure contain free CaO, CaSO₄ and amorphous aluminosilicate, which leads to the obvious pozzolanic activity, self-hardening and hydration expansion. At the same time, several key issues in the application of FBC ashes as cement admixtures base on their composition, microstructure and properties were discussed. The results show that suitable activators should be used to enhance the activity of ashes. The stability needs to be improved by adjusting the curing process, water-cement ratio and other conditions. Adding water reducing agents controls the water requirement and increases cement strength. This provides some guidances for effective utilization of the building materials with FBC ashes.

Key words: fluidized bed combustion ash, composition, microstructure, hydration activity, cement admixture

中图分类号:

TU528

刘虎林, 王昭, 伍媛婷, 任思谦, 王巍, 韩桂英. 固硫灰渣的基本特性及其作水泥混合材的关键问题研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2021, 40(6): 2052-2061.

LIU Hulin, WANG Zhao, WU Yuanting, REN Siqian, WANG Wei, HAN Guiying. Review on Characteristics of Fluidized Bed Combustion Ashes and Key Issues in Their Application as Cement Admixtures[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2021, 40(6): 2052-2061.

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